Ibn Malik and his monumental Opus
By: Abdul Muiz Syaerozie
Alfiyah Ibn Malik so popular and legendary. The book is in the know in hemisphere of the world, both East and West Mainland. In the West, "The Thousand Verses" another name of the book of Ibn Malik Alfiyyah used as the main guide in the field of Arabic linguistics studies.
In Indonesia, Alfiyyah Ibn Malik also studied in various regions. Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren) scattered in the archipelago almost no role to get rid of this book. All boarding place Alfiyah Ibn Malik as the main reference. He became the most dominant book in mortofologi Arab-grammatical study.
The role played by Alfiyyah Ibn Malik seems to be the tipping point for the author's expectations. Ibn Malik had revealed through a single stanza in nadzomnya; "Waqad yanubu 'anhu ma' alaihi dal kajidda kullal jiddi wafrokhil jadal". This Nadzom as if signaled a desire Ibn Malik that Alfiyyah really has replaced his role as a step show full seriousness and the incomparable happiness.
Hope will benefit the book of Ibn Malik Alfiyyah for the dynamics of Islamic science has also been expressed by means of one stanza in nadzomnya; "Allaah Yaqdhi bihibatin waafiroh walahu li fi darojatil akhiroh". Hopefully with a perfect forgiveness, God gave me and he (Ibn Mu'thi) a high degrees in the afterlife.
Alfiyyah important role not only in Ibn Malik on show by his twisted high in Andalusia, but also the effect on the formation characteristics and other scientific style. For example, Tafseer al-Makki Ibn Abi Talib al-qaysi, or Tafsir al-Muharrar Ibn al-Wajiz essay 'Athiyyah. Tafseer-tasir essay Andalusian scholar turned out much influenced by Ibn Malik Alfiyyah emerge in that land. This is indicated by way of interpretation of the Qur'an using nahwu-Shorof approach.
Not only that. Alfiyah Ibn Malik as a center of world attention in the scientific context of the Arab-grammatical mortofologi also proved by the emergence of the books development. Audhah al-Masalik, Taudhih al-Maqa'shid, manhaj as-Salik, Al-Maqashid as-Syafi'iyyah, syarakh Abu Zayd al-Makudi and others is the book of Ibn Malik Alfiyyah reproduction. The books is a detailed explanation about nadzom-nadzom Alfiyah, either in containers or Hasyiyah Sharh model.
So many people tend to review them, as to Ibn Malik as its author was named the Taj 'ulama an-Nuhaat (Crown nahwu Science). Alfiyyah Ibn Malik is his monumental opus. Then, how the intellectual journey of Ibn Malik Alfiyah author? And how Alfiyah developments in Indonesia today?.
Intellectual Biography of Ibn Malik
Ibn Malik has the full name of Abu Abdillah Jamaluddin Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn al-Malik al-Jayyani Tha'i al-Andalusi. identification of the word al-Andalusi al-Jayyani to him is the identification of the place where he came from
Jamaluddin was born in the small town of Jayyan, one of the main cities in Andalusia (Spain) of the South, in the year 1203 M. or in the month Sha'ban 600 H. He is known as a bright child. Since childhood, Abu Abdillah Muhammad Jamaluddin has managed to memorize the Quran and Hadith thousands. Therefore, he loved a lot of teachers.
At first, Ibn Malik studied at the renowned scholars in the city of his birth, such as Thabit bin Khiyar, Ahmad bin Abdullah as-Nawwar and Syalaubini. Of the three figures, the small gain Ibn Malik Islamic sciences.
Along with increasing age, Ibn Malik is very diligent and energetic. He is eager to explore the Islamic sciences in his day popular, such as Hadith and Tafsir. However, due to unfavorable political circumstances, Ibn Malik must be willing to leave his hometown. Jayyan at 1246 M falls into the hands of soldiers Castella.
His journey is long. Muwahhidun dynasty is no longer a strong ruler. One by one his territory in the Andalusian peninsula fell to another party. First of all Toledo; city science center in North Spain, followed Huesca. In 1119, the turn Zaragoza (Sarqasthah) irrespective of the hand Muwahhidun. Then Counca in the year 1177 AD
Not only the cities, Silves (Syalb), Merida, Bajah or Badajos, Ibza and Cordoba also fall into the hands of soldiers Castella. All this happened in different years. Later in 1234's Turn Miricia city and town in the year 1236 AD Tolavera City of Denia and Lisbona also fall into the hands of others before finally Jayyan city also fell into the hands of soldiers Castella. The political situation is what forced Ibn Malik had to leave his hometown.
Ibn Malik immigrate (hijrah) to Damascus, a city where Malik's first stop is experiencing a shift in power; from dynasty to dynasty mamalik Ayubiyyah. For Ibn Malik, this shift was a blessing in itself. The reason, mamalik Dynasty is the dynasty with a strong security system which ensured that he can give all abilities (Badzlul wus'i) to earn more about Islamic sciences freely.
In Demaskus, Ibn Malik actually turned orientation. Initially want to explore science Hadith and Tafseer, but the latter tends to science and shorof nahwu. Changes in the scientific orientation of Ibn Malik in latari by curiosity about the phenomena of Arabic language structure that he met vary from one region to another. In fact, the Arabic grammatical very important role in understanding the Qur'an and Hadith as source of knowledge.
Rivers in the trace, the sea was going on navigating. Thus the most appropriate proverb to describe the figure of Ibn Malik. Not satisfied explore science and shorof nahwu in Demaskus, Ibn Malik went to the city of his intellectual odyssey Hallab (Aleppo, northern Syria). In this city learn to Muwaffiquddin Ibn Malik ibn Ya'isy and Ibn al-Hallabi Amri'un. Thanks to the skills integrate nahwu theories shorof madhhab-Iraq, Syria (Masyriq) and Andalusia (Maghrib), the intellectual career of Ibn malik increasingly into account in both cities. He is known and has been named as an-Nuhat taj'ulama (crown nahwu science). He was later appointed as a lecturer in Islamic schools for several years the city of Hamath.
His name began to famous. Sultan al-Maliku as-Salih Najm al-Din al-Ayyubi, a ruler of Egypt, Ibn Malik's request to teach in Cairo, Egypt. He settled in Cairo for several years until finally returning to Demaskus. In this city, until the end of his life, Ibn Malik galvanize his students are famous, like Badruddin Ibn Malik, Ibn Jama, Abu Hasan al-Yunaini, Ibn Nahhas, and Imam an-Nawawi.
Besides his monumental opus ; Alfiyyah Ibn Malik, Abu Abdillah Jamaluddin Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn al-Malik al-Jayyani Tha'i al-Andalusi also authored numerous books, among others, al muwashal fi Nadzm al Mufashsal, Sabk al-Mandzum, wa-Fakk al-Makhtum, Ikmal al-‘Alam bi mutslats al-Kalam, Lamiyah al-Afal wa-Syarhuha, al Muqoddimah al-Asadiyah, ‘Iddah al-Lafidz wa ‘Umdah al-Hafidz, al-‘itidha fi Az-zahra wa Ad-Dhad and ‘Irab Musykil al-Bukari. Most of the book that he composed it explores the themes of linguistics.
Reproduction Alfiyyah Ibn Malik in Indonesia
In Indonesia, Alfiyyah Ibn Malik was greeted enthusiastically. From past to present Islamic boarding schools scattered in various parts of this book review. In fact, in the view of Islamic society, someone will say maind full if he really has to understand and well-nadzom Alfiyah nadzom memorized as a whole.
Competition in the students who embodied in the form of competitions or rote Musabaqoh Alfiyyah Alfiyyah prove the importance in the eyes of the public boarding school. For the winners, not just get a medal in the material, but also social rewards. The winner will be considered as students are smart and clever.
In addition to the memorized and understood, the Book of Alfiyah Ibn Malik also be developed. As in the boarding school Lirboyo Kediri, Pondok Pesantren Ploso, Apex's Nest Boarding School, Pondok Pesantren Tegal Rejo Magelang, Pondok Pesantren Cirebon Ciwaringin Babakan Islamic boarding schools and other. all the books of reproductions, mostly anonymous authors and only include the name of the author his preaching (Khot).
At least, there are three models of the book of Ibn Malik Alfiyah reproduction developed in the pesantren. First, a thorough discussion of the model. This model attempts to explain a sentence of words or phrases that are listed in nadzom Alfiyyah Ibn Malik. Both models limited explanation. These models only describe or explain the sentences are presented in a narrative may be necessary. And last is the model pernadzham explanation. This is more likely to describe one or several nadzhom who still speaks in a single theme.
Technically, the writing of the books of Ibn Malik reproduction Alfiyah there that use the Arabic language and some are using the Arabic pegon. But all of them, still refers to the books of Arabic works garamatika middle eastern scholars as reference material. This may be because they have not found the books of the Arab-grammatical mortofologi work scholars Nusantara past.
And the most interesting is the naming of the books that Alfiyah development. At boarding Babakan Ciwaringin example, the book is in termed by takriran. This is different from boarding Lirboyo. In Lirboyo, the term used is Taqrir. Similarly in Tegal Rejo Pesantren. These boarding schools use the term Tahrir. Difference, whether limited differences in dialect or because it has a different meaning altogether. This of course should get special attention.
Wallahu ‘alam Bissawab
